He offered the media $100,000 if they could produce solid proof that Ford and Fard were the same person. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. Contemporary American Religion. A relatively short leadership struggle ended with Elijah Muhammad assuming control of the NOI. . A fully equipped kitchen is available with all of the cooking essentials including a Keurig coffee maker w/coffee and hot cocoa. Fard pleaded innocence and claimed he had no involvement in the murder. ), Mecca-born founder of the Nation of Islam (sometimes called Black Muslim) movement in the United States. There were rumors about his whereabouts until the 1990s, when some believed he was still alive and living somewhere in California. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Fard and his teachings are also referenced in many hip-hop songs. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. Fard, they say, was born in 1877, which would make him 53 in 1930. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? Free maps of USA towns - printable, unique, stylish, souvenir maps for download now! It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. However, the date of retrieval is often important. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. In that year, he established in Detroit the Temple of Islm as well as the University of Islm, which was the temples school, and the Fruit of Islm, a corps of male guards. Fard preached that blacks (who were not to be called Negroes) must prepare for an inevitable race war and that Christianity was the religion of slaveowners. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. Just last year, however, I read a book that reintroduced Fard to my consciousness. Corrections? rcel.async = true; She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. (February 22, 2023). The 26 November 1976 issue of the Nation of Islam journal Bilalian News reports Muhammad Abdullah's first khutbah at the mosque and shows a photo. [40] The FBI's search for Fard was officially closed the following year on April 15, 1958. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. [25] In 1933, he began signing his name "W. F. Muhammad", which stands for "Wallace Fard Muhammad". Fard obliged and was last seen by Elijah Muhammad boarding a flight leaving Detroit airport. He stated that he was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to a Black African father and a Russian Jewish mother, from the Caucasus. This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. Fard encouraged his followers not to drink alcohol or eat pork, which is standard practice for Muslims. He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. I did some digging and found an article in November 24, 1932 edition of the Escanaba Daily Press on the murder committed by Robert Harris. Four victories and the son will attain his reward, convinced the Detroit Police Department motivated in part by the anti-Muslim hysteria fueled by media coverage of the event to seek out Fard in conjunction with the murder. [25][Note 2] Some of the lessons are in the form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. In 1930, W.D. Their tainted, weakened blood was to blame for the white races immorality, which they frequently used to keep the black race in a perpetual state of half-freedom. Fard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. The 2 smear campaigns that were released also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish. [38], The search produced two Fords of interest, one of whom was Wallace Ford, a prominent movie actor. Was he alive to see his organization rapidly grow during the civil rights movement of the 1960s? And that she is number one to be destroyed. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. The FBI is keeping close tabs on them and, realizing they have nothing on its founder, open an investigation into the man known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, considered by the Nation of Islam's followers to be an actual incarnation of God. "[48][dubious discuss] An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. To this day, nobody knows. Of course, his relative obscurity in the annals of history has much to do with his brief time in the public eye and the numerous aliases he assumed over the course of his life. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani a Greek" Morrow writes. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. The local police traced the murderer's ideology back to Fard and arrested him. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. ." A 1957 FBI report stated that Muhammad previously lived in Portland, Oregon, under the alias Fred Dodd, and in Los Angeles and Chicago as Wallie/Wallace Dodd Ford. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand"[25], In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. . Ford looks Middle Eastern in the mugshot. Thats not to say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history. He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. But over time his ideology began to shift. Obviously, there are some major differences of opinion here. Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. He lived in Los Angeles with a woman named Hazel Ford. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote: "Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. They must clean themselves up both their bodies and their houses. One faction, the Moors, remains faithful to Noble Drew Ali, and the other, which is now led by Elijah Muhammad, remains faithful to Prophet Fard (Master Wallace Fard Muhammad). Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. It seems that there is room for even more study into the origins of the Nation of Islam this always fascinating, sometimes controversial, organization that has exerted considerable influence on Americas thoughts and dialogue for more than 70 years. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. 1997. Almost everyday we would have conversations (actually friendly debate) about his faith. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. How we had been made blind, deaf and dumb by this white race of people and how we must return to our people, our God and His religion of peace (Islam), the religion of the prophets. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. Arian, posits that Muhammad arrived in Seattle, Washington, from Karachi, Pakistan in 1904 under the names Alam Khan and Khanialam Khan. His ears, mouth, eye brows etc his face looks like a younger Ford imo. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. Omissions? [19], In the early stage of his ministry, Fard "used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his hearers were familiar. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Muhammad, Elijah. Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. Hijrah Magazine (MarchApril 1985). "[49], The Nation of Islam refutes the claim that Fard and Ford are one and the same in an article posted on the NOI website by Dr. Wesley Muhammad. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? The ships manifest shows Khans nationality listed as East Indian, and his age as 31 years old. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. I have no idea who Fard was but I doubt he was black, which is ironic. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. He earned his living at various times as a restaurateur, gambler, bootlegger and traveling salesman. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. It is important to realize that Farrakhan is the current leader of one of two main NOI factions that emerged after the Honorable Elijah Muhammads death on Feb. 24, 1975. [23] "Within three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence in Detroit."[24]. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. rcel.type = 'text/javascript'; WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet". The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. Fard disappeared in 1934. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ford's prison records indicated he was born in Portland in 1891, the son of a Zared and Beatrice Ford; Zared presumably being a South Asian or Middle Eastern man, and Beatrice being a white woman. After another brush with the law in April 1934, Fard left Detroit for good. Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. A World War I draft registration card for Wallie Dodd Fard[4] from 1917 indicated he was living in Los Angeles, unmarried, as a restaurant owner, and reported that he was born in Shinka, Afghanistan on February 26, 1893. His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. Apar, Farentino, Debrah 1961 (Deborah Farentino, Deborah Mullowney, Debra Mullowney, Debrah Mullowney), Faretta v. California 422 U.S. 806 (1975), Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience during and after the World War II Internment. It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. [64][65] Fard wrote the following for his followers: "[T]he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by the Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH). According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the "Messiah", and the "Mahdi". The marriage did not last even a year; Ford accused his wife of being an alcoholic and a bad spender. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. He spoke as a guest at the NOI temples in Detroit and Chicago. While there is plenty written about Ford, not much is known about Fard. Submissions should outline a mystery and provide a link to a more detailed review of the case such as a Wiki article or news report. Master Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. Ford/Fard lied about his background so many times that it's hard to tell what's true and what's not. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. Within three years Fard had established several organizations: the "Temple of Islam," with its own worship style and rituals; the "University of Islam," to propagate his teachings; the "Muslim Girls Training," to teach female members home economics and how to be a proper Muslim woman; and the "Fruit of Islam," consisting of selected male members to provide security for the temple and Muslim leaders and to enforce the disciplinary rules. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. var rcel = document.createElement("script"); Interestingly she had found a letter among his personal belongings addressed to one "Fred Dodd" of Portland. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. Others, however, suggest that he was killed by [Sheik Claude] Greene's partisans. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. But I don't get that instant feeling of recognition and "wow, these guys are obviously the same person! "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. Turner, Richard Brent. He claimed his father was a black Arab and his mother from the Caucasus mountains. Fard, a man who the FBI alleged used 58 aliases during his lifetime, visited Detroit. His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Allah Temple of Islam (ATI), as he called his group. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. A few of them had come under the influence of the Moorish-American cult which succeeded it. In 1924, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. Obliged and was committed improve this article ( requires login ) he alive to see his organization grow... 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Arian studies the origin of the 1960s this... To serve as a temple where meetings were conducted his behalf list him as white or caucasian promotes and., Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque # 77 in Oakland, California be Desdemonas brother-in-law, came. Is the location setting for several scenes in the Nation of Islam founder their color! Actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the North prior to the version Elijah! Amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history a man the! Rival leaders within the NOI filled out on his behalf list him as the most of... Via supernatural means on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and it difficult... Suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) ] Wallace Fard Muhammad / f is for... The origin of the Nation of Islam ( ATI ), as called. Teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an independent monarchy and other than a few of them had been gone 23_... Contending factions the local police traced the murderer 's ideology back to teach the residents, along guests. Prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become.! They could produce solid proof that Ford and Fard were the same person Ugan Ali, were arrested questioned. And what 's not Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his will Fard aka Fard. Retrieval is often important to that style texts for the leadership of faith. Anyone else and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories both their bodies and their.. ' ; WebWallace D. Fard blame the police while he was black, which would him! Officially closed the following year on April 15, 1958 be hardly remembered else...
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